Free Cutting Steel

Free-cutting steel is carbon steel with a small amount of sulfur, lead, manganese, and other elements added to improve cutting performance, making it easier to process.

It adds alloy elements to the steel such as:
Lead (Pb), Sulfur (S), Phosphorus (P), among which sulfur (S) is the most commonly used. It forms MnS in the steel, which makes the chips turn into thin or short discontinuous chips during cutting. These elements also have a lubricating effect, enhancing the cutting process and improving the surface finish of the processed area.

Adding 0.1~0.3% lead to carbon steel or alloy steel can further improve the machinability of the steel, as lead does not dissolve in iron in any state but is uniformly distributed in the steel in the form of monomer particles. During cutting, lead acts as a solid lubricant, making the chips easy to break without affecting the mechanical properties of the steel.

Generally, based on the added elements, free-cutting steel can be divided into two types:
(1) Sulfur-based free-cutting steel (2) Lead-based free-cutting steel.
Both are not suitable for forging, cold work forming, and welding, etc.

Free-Cutting Steel

n Added Elements
　Usually high sulfur (S) or lead (Pb) elements are added.

n Classification of Free-Cutting Steel

(1) Sulfur-Based Free-Cutting Steel
　1. Added Elements: Sulfur (S)
　2. Features: (1) Good cutting performance (2) Suitable for mass production (3) High-speed cutting

(2) Lead-Based Free-Cutting Steel
　1. Added Elements: Lead (Pb), Sulfur (S)
　2. Features: (1) Excellent cutting performance (2) Good surface finish

n Surface Finish
　The surface finish after processing is high, suitable for producing parts that require high surface quality.

n Application Range
　Widely used in automatic lathes, CNC machine tools, and other high-efficiency production equipment,
 mainly used for manufacturing various screws, bolts, rivets, and other automated machinery parts.

Free-Cutting Alloy Steel

n Characteristics
　Alloy elements such as molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr) are added to the base steel,
　these elements improve the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the material.
　Sulfur, lead, and other elements are also added to maintain good cutting performance.

n Machining Performance
　Free-cutting alloy steel also contains elements like sulfur and lead, maintaining good cutting performance,
　while possessing excellent mechanical properties and wear resistance.

n Strength and Hardness
　Compared to ordinary free-cutting steel, free-cutting alloy steel has higher strength and hardness,
　suitable for manufacturing high-load, wear-resistant parts.

n Application Range
　Widely used in manufacturing parts requiring high strength and high wear resistance, such as automobile parts, aerospace components, and high-performance machinery equipment.

n Machining Advantages

1. Efficiency Improvement:
　Free-cutting steel and free-cutting alloy steel can significantly shorten machining time, improve production efficiency, and are suitable for mass and automated production.

2. Cost Reduction:
　Excellent cutting performance reduces tool wear, lowering tool replacement frequency and processing costs.

3. Quality Assurance:
　High surface finish and precision improve product quality, reducing the need for subsequent processing and finishing.

Product Applications

1. Mechanical Parts:
　 Used for manufacturing screws, bolts, rivets, and other parts that require efficient machining,
　 suitable for automatic lathes and CNC machines.

2. Automotive Components:
 　Used for making crankshafts, camshafts, connecting rods, and other parts that require high strength and wear resistance.

3. Aerospace Parts:
 　Applied in aircraft and spacecraft engine components, structural supports, etc.,
 　requiring high strength and precision.

4. High-Precision Engineering Parts:
 　Used in high-precision bearings, precision gears, threaded parts,
　 and other components requiring high machining accuracy and surface finish.

SCM435S

Red-cross alloy (S) SCM435S is a high-strength alloy steel

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SCM435S

Red-cross alloy (S)
SCM435S is a high-strength alloy steel commonly used for manufacturing high-strength components such as bearings, bolts, and mechanical parts. It exhibits excellent strength, hardness, and wear resistance, along with good heat treatability, further enhancing its mechanical properties through quenching and tempering. SCM435S contains alloying elements like molybdenum to increase its strength and wear resistance. Due to its excellent performance, SCM435S finds wide applications in various industrial applications with high loads and pressures.

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SCM435L

Red-cross alloy (Pb) SCM435L is a low-alloy steel commonly

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SCM435L

Red-cross alloy (Pb)
SCM435L is a low-alloy steel commonly used for manufacturing high-strength components such as bolts, nuts, bearings, etc. It possesses excellent strength and hardness, along with good machinability and heat treatability, further enhancing its mechanical properties through quenching and tempering. SCM435L typically contains alloying elements like molybdenum to increase its strength and wear resistance. Due to its excellent performance, SCM435L finds wide applications in automotive, machinery, and structural engineering fields.

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SCM435L

Red-cross alloy (Pb) SCM435L is a low-alloy steel commonly

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SCM435L

Red-cross alloy (Pb)
SCM435L is a low-alloy steel commonly used for manufacturing high-strength components such as bolts, nuts, bearings, etc. It possesses excellent strength and hardness, along with good machinability and heat treatability, further enhancing its mechanical properties through quenching and tempering. SCM435L typically contains alloying elements like molybdenum to increase its strength and wear resistance. Due to its excellent performance, SCM435L finds wide applications in automotive, machinery, and structural engineering fields.

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SCM435L

Red-cross alloy (Pb) SCM435L is a low-alloy steel commonly

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SCM435L

Red-cross alloy (Pb)
SCM435L is a low-alloy steel commonly used for manufacturing high-strength components such as bolts, nuts, bearings, etc. It possesses excellent strength and hardness, along with good machinability and heat treatability, further enhancing its mechanical properties through quenching and tempering. SCM435L typically contains alloying elements like molybdenum to increase its strength and wear resistance. Due to its excellent performance, SCM435L finds wide applications in automotive, machinery, and structural engineering fields.

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SCM415L

Green-cross alloy (Pb) SCM415L is a low-alloy steel known f

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SCM415L

Green-cross alloy (Pb)
SCM415L is a low-alloy steel known for its good weldability and machinability. It is commonly used in the manufacturing of mechanical components, bearings, gears, etc. SCM415L may contain elements like chromium, nickel, etc., in its chemical composition to enhance its strength and hardness. Additionally, heat treatment is often performed to further improve its mechanical properties. Due to its excellent machinability and weldability, SCM415L finds wide applications across various industrial sectors such as automotive, machinery manufacturing, etc.

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SCM415L

Green-cross alloy (Pb) SCM415L is a low-alloy steel known f

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SCM415L

Green-cross alloy (Pb)
SCM415L is a low-alloy steel known for its good weldability and machinability. It is commonly used in the manufacturing of mechanical components, bearings, gears, etc. SCM415L may contain elements like chromium, nickel, etc., in its chemical composition to enhance its strength and hardness. Additionally, heat treatment is often performed to further improve its mechanical properties. Due to its excellent machinability and weldability, SCM415L finds wide applications across various industrial sectors such as automotive, machinery manufacturing, etc.

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SCM415L

Green-cross alloy (Pb) SCM415L is a low-alloy steel known f

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SCM415L

Green-cross alloy (Pb)
SCM415L is a low-alloy steel known for its good weldability and machinability. It is commonly used in the manufacturing of mechanical components, bearings, gears, etc. SCM415L may contain elements like chromium, nickel, etc., in its chemical composition to enhance its strength and hardness. Additionally, heat treatment is often performed to further improve its mechanical properties. Due to its excellent machinability and weldability, SCM415L finds wide applications across various industrial sectors such as automotive, machinery manufacturing, etc.

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SCM415S

Green-cross alloy (S) SCM415S is a high-strength alloy stee

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SCM415S

Green-cross alloy (S)
SCM415S is a high-strength alloy steel commonly used in the manufacturing of high-strength components and structures such as bearings, bolts, nuts, etc. It exhibits excellent wear resistance and heat treatability, allowing for further enhancement of strength and hardness through quenching and tempering. Its chemical composition includes alloying elements like nickel, molybdenum, etc., to increase strength and wear resistance. SCM415S is typically employed in high-load, high-temperature, and high-pressure environments, such as automotive parts and mechanical components.

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SCM415S

Green-cross alloy (S) SCM415S is a high-strength alloy stee

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SCM415S

Green-cross alloy (S)
SCM415S is a high-strength alloy steel commonly used in the manufacturing of high-strength components and structures such as bearings, bolts, nuts, etc. It exhibits excellent wear resistance and heat treatability, allowing for further enhancement of strength and hardness through quenching and tempering. Its chemical composition includes alloying elements like nickel, molybdenum, etc., to increase strength and wear resistance. SCM415S is typically employed in high-load, high-temperature, and high-pressure environments, such as automotive parts and mechanical components.

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12L14 (DIN 9SMnPb36) Pb-series

12L14（DIN 9SMnPb36）is a highly machinable carbon steel conta

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12L14 (DIN 9SMnPb36) Pb-series

12L14（DIN 9SMnPb36）is a highly machinable carbon steel containing elevated levels of lead and sulfur to enhance machinability. It exhibits excellent machinability, processability, and surface finish, making it suitable for automatic machining and screw production. The addition of selenium can improve machinability but affects chip breaking. It's commonly used in manufacturing screws, bolts, bearings, etc.

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1215 S-series

Metal material 1215 is a type of carbon steel known for its

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1215 S-series

Metal material 1215 is a type of carbon steel known for its excellent machinability. It features high strength, good surface finish, and is commonly used in automatic machining, bolts, nuts, bearings, etc. Lowering sulfur content improves machinability, while adding phosphorus enhances mechanical properties. Maintaining stable machining temperatures and speeds is crucial for product quality.

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1215 S-series

Metal material 1215 is a type of carbon steel known for its

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1215 S-series

Metal material 1215 is a type of carbon steel known for its excellent machinability. It features high strength, good surface finish, and is commonly used in automatic machining, bolts, nuts, bearings, etc. Lowering sulfur content improves machinability, while adding phosphorus enhances mechanical properties. Maintaining stable machining temperatures and speeds is crucial for product quality.

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1215 S-series

Metal material 1215 is a type of carbon steel known for its

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1215 S-series

Metal material 1215 is a type of carbon steel known for its excellent machinability. It features high strength, good surface finish, and is commonly used in automatic machining, bolts, nuts, bearings, etc. Lowering sulfur content improves machinability, while adding phosphorus enhances mechanical properties. Maintaining stable machining temperatures and speeds is crucial for product quality.

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1144 Medium carbon

Metal material 1144 is a type of easily machinable carbon st

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1144 Medium carbon

Metal material 1144 is a type of easily machinable carbon steel with a moderate carbon content. Its characteristics include high strength, excellent machinability, and wear resistance. In terms of machining, 1144 material is easy to work with, although distortion may occur after heat treatment. It is commonly used in the manufacturing of bolts, bearings, and connecting components. By controlling the carbon content, its hardness and strength can be adjusted, while the addition of alloying elements such as silicon, nickel, and molybdenum can enhance corrosion resistance and mechanical properties.

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1144 Medium carbon

Metal material 1144 is a type of easily machinable carbon st

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1144 Medium carbon

Metal material 1144 is a type of easily machinable carbon steel with a moderate carbon content. Its characteristics include high strength, excellent machinability, and wear resistance. In terms of machining, 1144 material is easy to work with, although distortion may occur after heat treatment. It is commonly used in the manufacturing of bolts, bearings, and connecting components. By controlling the carbon content, its hardness and strength can be adjusted, while the addition of alloying elements such as silicon, nickel, and molybdenum can enhance corrosion resistance and mechanical properties.

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1144 Medium carbon

Metal material 1144 is a type of easily machinable carbon st

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1144 Medium carbon

Metal material 1144 is a type of easily machinable carbon steel with a moderate carbon content. Its characteristics include high strength, excellent machinability, and wear resistance. In terms of machining, 1144 material is easy to work with, although distortion may occur after heat treatment. It is commonly used in the manufacturing of bolts, bearings, and connecting components. By controlling the carbon content, its hardness and strength can be adjusted, while the addition of alloying elements such as silicon, nickel, and molybdenum can enhance corrosion resistance and mechanical properties.

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Steel data

Standard Code Spec No. Material No. Mark
CNS 4004 SUM23
JIS G4804 SUM23
AISI 1215
AISI 1215MS
DIN 1.0736 11SMn37
CNS 4004 SUM24L
JIS G4804 SUM24L
AISI 12L14
DIN 1.0718 11SMnPb30
DIN 1.0737 11SMnPb37
DIN 1651 1.0737 9SMnPb36
JIS SMIGGREEN-CS1
JIS SUM24L-EZ
DIN 1651 1.0736 9SMn36
CNS 4004 SUM43
JIS G4804 SUM43
AISI 1144
JIS G4052 SCM415HL2
JIS G4052 SCM435HL2
JIS G4053 SCM415S
JIS G4053 SCM435S
DIN 17210 16MnCrS5
JIS G4052 SCM415L2
(C)% (Si)% (Mn)% (P)% (S)% (Ni)% (Cr)% (Mo)% (Pb)% Thickness(mm) Yield strength(Mpa) Tensile strength(Mpa) Elongation(%) Remarks
≦ 0.09 0.75~1.05 0.04~0.09 0.26~0.35
≦ 0.09 0.75~1.05 0.04~0.09 0.26~0.35
≦ 0.09 0.75~1.05 0.04~0.09 0.26~0.35
≦ 0.09 1.1~1.6 0.04~0.09 0.33~0.42
≦ 0.14 ≦ 0.05 1~1.5 ≦ 0.11 0.34~0.4
≦ 0.15 0.85~1.15 0.04~0.09 0.26~0.35 0.1~0.35
≦ 0.15 0.85~1.15 0.04~0.09 0.26~0.35 0.1~0.35
≦ 0.15 ≦ 0.05 1~1.5 ≦ 0.11 0.3~0.4 19~32 ≧ 410 ≧ 540 ≧ 10
≦ 0.14 ≦ 0.05 0.9~1.3 ≦ 0.11 0.27~0.33 0.2~0.35
≦ 0.14 ≦ 0.05 1~1.5 ≦ 0.11 0.34~0.4 0.2~0.35
≦ 0.15 ≦ 0.05 1~1.5 ≦ 0.1 0.32~0.4 0.15~0.3 16~40 ≧ 390 490~740 ≧ 8
≦ 0.15 0.9~1.7 0.04~0.09 0.4~0.7 替代12L14
≦ 0.15 0.9~1.11 0.4~0.09 0.4~0.7 替代12L14
≦ 0.15 ≦ 0.05 1~1.5 ≦ 0.1 0.32~0.4 16~10 ≧ 440 560~740 ≧ 6
0.4~0.48 1.35~1.65 ≦ 0.03 ≦ 0.03
0.4~0.48 1.35~1.65 ≦ 0.04 0.24~0.33
0.4~0.48 1.35~1.65 ≦ 0.04 0.24~0.33
0.12~0.18 0.15~0.35 0.55~0.95 ≦ 0.03 ≦ 0.03 ≦ 0.25 0.85~1.25 0.15~0.35 0.1~0.3
0.32~0.39 0.15~0.35 0.55~0.9 ≦ 0.03 ≦ 0.03 ≦ 0.25 0.85~1.25 0.15~0.35 0.1~0.3
0.12~0.18 0.15~0.35 0.55~0.9 ≦ 0.03 0.09~0.107 ≦ 0.25 0.85~1.25 0.15~0.35
0.32~0.39 0.15~0.35 0.55~0.9 ≦ 0.03 0.09~0.107 ≦ 0.25 0.85~1.25 0.15~0.35
0.14~0.19 ≦ 0.4 1~1.3 ≦ 0.025 0.02~0.04 0.8~1.1
0.12~0.18 0.15~0.35 0.55~0.95 ≦ 0.03 ≦ 0.03 ≦ 0.25 0.85~1.25 0.15~0.35 0.1~0.3